Training, Language and Culture

ISSN 2520-2073 | ISSN 2521-442X
Guide for Authors Manuscript Template Publication Consent Submit your article ↗

Training, Language and Culture

ISSN 2520-2073 | ISSN 2521-442X
Guide for Authors Manuscript Template Publication Consent Submit your article ↗

General Regulations

Training, Language and Culture invites authors to submit manuscripts that have not been published before and are not under consideration for publication elsewhere. Submitted manuscripts must comply with the general academic requirements, fall within the aims and scope of the journal, present original research, and appeal to a wide range of specialists within the scientific community.

If previously published figures, tables, or parts of text are to be included, the copyright holder’s permission must be obtained prior to submission.

Quick Submission Checklist

  • Article typeOriginal research articles and book reviews are considered.
  • OriginalityManuscripts must be unpublished, not under consideration elsewhere, and at least 85% original.
  • LanguageManuscripts must be written in English, with British spelling used consistently.
  • LengthResearch articles should be at least 6,000 words; book reviews should be 1,500-2,000 words.
  • ContributorsNo more than three authors may be listed per manuscript.
  • FilesThe manuscript should be submitted as a .docx file prepared with the TLC Manuscript Template.
  • Consent formA signed Publication Consent form must be prepared before submission.
  • MetadataFull contributor details, affiliation, email, ORCID iD, and corresponding author information are required.
  • DeclarationsCRediT Author Statement, Conflict of Interest, Data Availability Statement, Funding, and Acknowledgements should be provided where applicable.
  • StructureTitle, abstract, keywords, introduction, methodology, theoretical background, results, discussion, conclusion, and references should be included.
  • ReferencesAPA 7th edition style should be followed, and DOI links should be provided where available.
  • Tables and figuresVisuals should be placed in the text, numbered in order, with table legends before tables and figure captions after figures.
  • PermissionsPermission must be obtained for any previously published figures, tables, or text included in the manuscript.

Submission Procedure

Before Submission

  • Check compliance with Author Guidelines
  • Ensure contributor details are complete and accurate
  • Make sure all metadata are provided
  • Verify originality and formatting before upload

File and Upload Requirements

Required Metadata

Authors must provide full metadata as instructed by the Manuscript Template. Submissions lacking complete metadata are not considered. The required metadata include:

  • Full name of each contributor
  • Academic degree
  • Current academic position
  • Institutional affiliation
  • Department / Faculty
  • Full postal address of affiliation
  • Email address
  • ORCID iD
  • Indication of corresponding author
  • CRediT Author Statement
  • Conflict of Interest statement
  • Data Availability Statement
  • Funding statement
  • Acknowledgements (optional)

Manuscript Structure

1
Title

Use sentence case. The subtitle, if any, should begin with a capital letter.

2
Abstract

200-250 words. Should include problem statement, research gap, research aim, methodology, key results and implications.

3
Keywords

7 items separated by a comma.

4
Introduction

Problem statement, research gap, relevance of the study, its aim and research questions.

5
Methodology

Material and methods of analysis used for the study.

6
Theoretical Background

Previous research, with emphasis on disputable and undeveloped issues.

7
Results

Key results and new findings, without interpretive discussion.

8
Discussion

Interpretation of results, significance of findings, contextualisation of new knowledge, and prospects for practical implementation.

9
Conclusion

Brief summary of the analysis and the conclusions reached.

10
References

APA style formatting.

Paragraph Levels

  • Level 1 — 1. ALL CAPITALISED, BOLD
  • Level 2 — 1.1. Lowercase, bold
  • Level 3 — 1.1.1. Lowercase, bold & italicised

Style and Formatting

Language and Style

  • Use British spelling consistently throughout
  • Use single quotes throughout the text
  • Use abbreviations sparingly and define them at first mention
  • Do not include abbreviations in the title
  • Use “they” as a generic third-person singular pronoun where appropriate

Formatting Rules

  • Main text: 0.5 cm indent
  • Single space before numbered paragraphs
  • References: APA style strictly
  • Appendix: optional
  • Table grids should show horizontal lines only
  • Display table legends before tables and figure captions after figures

Additional Notes

  • Italicise linguistic examples and technical terms rather than placing them in quotation marks
  • Italicise titles of books, edited collections, films, television series, documentaries, and albums
  • Provide page numbers for all word-for-word citations
  • Include a DOI for all works that have one
  • Do not use bullets for very small lists

In-Text Citations and References

TLC follows the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) for citations and references. In-text citations follow the author–year–page method when directly quoting.

In-Text Citation Examples

  • (Jones, 2019, p. 13)
  • (Jones & Smith, 2019, p. 13)
  • (Jones et al., 2019, p. 13–14)
  • As Jones (2019) argues ...
  • As Jones and Smith (2019) argue ...
  • As Jones et al. (2019) argue ...

Reference Types Covered

  • Books
  • Journal articles
  • Edited volume chapters
  • Conference proceedings
  • Dissertations
  • Online and dictionary entries

Reference Formatting Examples

Book
Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. (2004). An introduction to functional grammar (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203783771
Journal article with page range
Malyuga, E. N., & Tomalin, B. (2017). Communicative strategies and tactics of speech manipulation in intercultural business discourse. Training, Language and Culture, 1(1), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.29366/2017tlc.1.1.2
Journal article with article number
Baena-Extremera, A., Granero-Gallegos, A., Baños, R., & Ortiz-Camacho, M. D. M. (2018). Can physical education contribute to learning English? Structural model from self-determination theory. Sustainability, 10(10), Article 3613. http://doi.org/10.3390/su10103613
Newspaper article
Carey, B. (2019, March 22). Can we get better at forgetting? The New York Times. https://nytimes.com/2019/03/22/health/memory-forgetting-psychology.html
Chapter in an edited book
Fitzmaurice, S. M. (2016). Semantic and pragmatic change. In M. Kytö & P. Pahta (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of English historical linguistics (pp. 256–270). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139600231.016
Conference proceedings
Vázquez, C., Xia, L., Aikawa, T., & Maes, P. (2018, July 9-13). Words in motion: Kinesthetic language learning in virtual reality. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (pp. 272–276). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2018.00069
Dissertation
Dubossarsky, H. (2018). Semantic change at large [Doctoral dissertation, Hebrew University of Jerusalem]. Hebrew University of Jerusalem Archive. https://cs.huji.ac.il/~daphna/theses/Haim_Dubossarsky_2018.pdf
Online entry
Aslan, E. (2018, February 12). The surprising academic origins of memes. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/the-surprising-academic-origins-of-memes-90607
Dictionary entry
Longman Dictionary. (2021). Developing country. Longman Online Dictionary of Contemporary English. https://ldoceonline.com/dictionary/developing-country
Non-English sources
Kompara Lukančič, M. (2020). Nozioni di base della lingua italiana per il settore del turismo (2nd ed.). University of Maribor Press.
Wüster, E. (1970). Internationale Sprachnormung in der Technik besonders in der Eletrotechnik. Bouvier.
Kosenko, M. A. (2013). Sistema veroyatnostnogo prognozirovaniya teksta v spetsial’nom perevode. Uchenye Zapiski RGSU, 3(115), 137–145.

For other reference examples, authors are encouraged to consult the APA Manual (7th ed.) and the Manuscript Template.

Tables and Figures

  • Place tables and figures within the text of the article rather than at the end
  • Number all tables and figures with Arabic numerals in the order of first mention
  • Do not use suffix letters such as Table 5a or Figure 5b
  • Figures should be simple, clear, and informative
  • Visuals should complement rather than duplicate the text
Table 4
Rhetorical move structure of a Literature Review
English Vietnamese
Move Raw Per RA Raw Per RA LL
M1_ Establishing the territory 174 2.95 161 2.73 7.16
M2_ Creating a research niche 225 3.81 140 2.38
M3_ Occupying the research niche 164 2.78 134 2.27
Total 563 9.54 435 7.38
Figure 4. Distribution of cognates, partial cognates, and false friends by source language

Book Review Guidelines

A book review should present an objective critical assessment of the book, reveal its merits and/or drawbacks, and explain its contribution to the relevant field within the journal’s focus areas. Book reviews follow the same format and style requirements as research articles, but their length should be 1,500–2,000 words.

A Review Should Include

  • An introduction to the author of the book
  • A summary of the intended purpose of the book
  • An explanation of the book's contribution
  • A description of the author’s argumentation
  • A comparison with similar books in the field
  • An evaluation of the book’s merits and shortcomings

Reviewer Expectations

  • Be fair and informative
  • Use quotations or examples where helpful
  • Focus on the needs of the readership
  • Demonstrate expertise on the subject
  • Remain honest and professionally responsible
  • Be objective
Author resources

Prepare your manuscript for submission

Please make sure to follow the journal's requirements before submitting your article.

Download Author Guidelines